Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

混合高斯测量噪声下的多模型滤波

就带有混合高斯测量噪声的离散时间系统 ,提出了一种简化的多模型滤波。理论分析证明该滤波方法用较少的计算量得到了与交互多模型滤波相同的估计性能。为满足应用要求 ,给出了该滤波器的数值鲁棒实现方法。一个关于仅有方位测量的制导例子验证了该滤波算法的有效性。     

在PN码捕获中门限判决对TMA性能影响的分析

文章比较了在单径加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)无衰落信道环境下,利用匹配滤波器(MF)捕获方法,对不同的门限比较判决准则对系统平均捕获时间(TMA)性能的影响进行了分析;同时给出了不同门限值时系统的平均捕获时间的仿真结果,并对结果进行讨论,得出各种门限设置准则的应用环境,为捕获系统的设计与实现提供参考.     

Are small-scale field-aligned currents and magnetosheath-like particle precipitation signatures of the same low-altitude cusp?

We examined some 75 observations from the low-altitude Earth orbiting DMSP, Ørsted and CHAMP satellites which were taken in the region of the nominal cusp. Our objective was to determine whether the actually observed cusp locations as inferred from magnetosheath-like particle precipitation (“particle cusp”) and intense small-scale magnetic field variations (“current cusp”), respectively, were identical and were consistent with the statistically expected latitude of the cusp derived from a huge number of charged particle spectrograms (“statistical cusp”).     

UKF方法在脉冲星自主导航中的应用

针对X射线脉冲星自主导航中的非线性系统滤波问题，将无迹卡尔曼滤波方法应用于自主导航计算过程中。首先，在简述脉冲星导航可行性的基础上，研究了脉冲星自主导航系统的基本原理和实施方案。然后，根据牛顿二体引力模型构建了航天器运动状态方程，根据脉冲到达时间模型建立了系统观测方程，并对二者进行了误差分析和建模。最后，将UKF算法应用于航天器自主导航过程中，仿真结果表明该方法能够实现航天器自主导航信息的解算。     

基于自适应深度网络的无人机目标跟踪算法

针对无人机（UAV）视频中目标易受到遮挡、形变、复杂背景干扰等问题，提出一种基于自适应深度网络的无人机目标跟踪算法。首先，基于主成分分析（PCA）和卷积神经网络（CNN）算法，设计3阶的自适应深度网络进行目标特征提取，该网络对图像的H、S、I通道分别进行主成分分析学习，将得到的特征向量输入网络进行分层卷积，优化了网络结构，提高了网络的收敛速度和精度。其次，将目标深度特征输入核相关滤波算法进行目标跟踪，通过分析相邻2帧图像的变化率，采用分段自适应调整学习率的算法进行目标模板更新，有效地改善目标遮挡问题。仿真实验结果表明，该算法有效地避免了复杂因素干扰导致的跟踪精度下降，具有较好的鲁棒性，相较于全卷积跟踪（FCNT）算法平均跟踪精度提高了9.62%，平均跟踪成功率提高了11.9%。     

Reliable flight performance assessment of multirotor based on interacting multiple model particle filter and health degree

Multirotor has been applied to many military and civilian mission scenarios. From the perspective of reliability, it is difficult to ensure that multirotors do not generate hardware and software failures or performance anomalies during the flight process. These failures and anomalies may result in mission interruptions, crashes, and even threats to the lives and property of human beings. Thus, the study of flight reliability problems of multirotors is conductive to the development of the drone industry and has theoretical significance and engineering value. This paper proposes a reliable flight performance assessment method of multirotors based on an Interacting Multiple Model Particle Filter (IMMPF) algorithm and health degree as the performance indicator. First, the multirotor is modeled by the Stochastic Hybrid System (SHS) model, and the problem of reliable flight performance assessment is formulated. In order to solve the problem, the IMMPF algorithm is presented to estimate the real-time probability distribution of hybrid state of the established SHS-based multirotor model, since it can decrease estimation errors compared with the standard interacting multiple model algorithm based on extended Kalman filter. Then, the reliable flight performance is assessed with health degree based on the estimation result. Finally, a case study of a multirotor suffering from sensor anomalies is presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

空气辅助喷射闪急沸腾喷雾特性试验

在定容弹内利用高速相机和相位多普勒粒子分析仪（PDPA）研究了环境压力和燃油温度对空气辅助喷射系统喷雾特性的影响。试验环境压力的变化范围为0.01MPa到0.1MPa,燃油温度的变化范围为25℃到100℃。试验结果表明:随着环境压力的减小,燃油喷雾逐渐从冷态过渡到闪急沸腾状态,在喷嘴出口处喷雾气泡急剧增加。当环境压力小于0.02MPa时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,液滴速度增加,粒径减小,在喷雾近端出现喷雾膨胀现象；随着燃油温度的上升,液滴表面张力减小,液滴易于破碎。当燃油温度达到100℃时,喷雾处于闪急沸腾状态,喷雾远端出现喷雾膨胀现象。      

基于混合卡尔曼滤波器组故障传感器定位方法

为了在发动机性能蜕化与传感器故障并存的情况下实现故障传感器的定位与部件蜕化情况的估计,并实现故障诊断基准数据的修正,构建了1种包含了机载模型与线性卡尔曼滤波器的组合结构混合卡尔曼滤波器组。该卡尔曼滤波器组能够在之前所描述的故障/蜕化耦合情况下定位故障传感器,并得到较为准确的部件蜕化估计结果。为了验证了混合卡尔曼滤波器组的有效性,进行了相关仿真。仿真结果表明:混合卡尔曼滤波器组能够在发动机动态过程中遭遇传感器故障与部件蜕化并存的情况下完成故障定位与蜕化估计。     

基于纵向滤波的星敏感器低频误差在线估计

多敏感器数据融合是获得更高精度姿态测量的有效方法，敏感器数据融合前必须先修正低频误差。首先，介绍了星敏感器低频误差（LFE）的产生机理及对其在线估计的必要性。其次，针对传统算法的不足，提出了基于纵向滤波的低频误差在线估计算法，该算法将传统低频误差估计问题转化为若干个常值误差估计问题，提高了估计精度。最后，给出了该算法具体实施方式，说明相关参数物理意义及选取原则。通过理论分析及仿真，算法误差可忽略不计。通过在轨数据仿真，星敏感器轨道周期低频误差可被消除。